Thomas Hobbes Book Leviathan Philosophy Essay

Thomas Hobbes Book Leviathan Philosophy Essay Thomas Hobbes focused on the human nature regarding as state of nature. Hobbes thinks that there is always fight in state of nature because of equality between men. He asserts that human being is equal both bodily and mentally even if it is seemingly. At first, Human nature makes people to think about being strongest than anyone in terms of body. For example, the strongest one thinks that he can kill everyone who are weak than him, however, the weaker one can beat the strongest one through confederacy of with others. (Hobbes, 183)Therefore, it can be said that everyone in society is equal with each other one way or another. Additionally, Hobbes argues that men are equal mentally too. This equality comes from wise. In state of nature, everyone see themselves wise, however, they do not accept the others wisdom and they do not believe that they have wisdom. That is to say, all of them are satisfied with their wisdom and they ignore others wisdom so this means that it is not inequality a ctually it means equality. (Hobbes, p.184)Therefore, this equality causes insecurity in society. This equality makes us to attain our ends. However, if they desire same thing, they become enemy with each other. (Hobbes, p.184) To give an example, every person around the world has desires to live in extraordinary place such as palace. Lets thinks about that there is only one gorgeous palace all over the world and a group of people try to get it, at the end while trying to get it, there will be conflict situation. The ambition of getting what they desire makes them enemy and it leads to war amongst them. Additionally, in the nature of man, we find three principles which are competition, diffidence and glory. (Hobbes, p.185) These feelings lead to war because these feelings make people to fight for gain, safety and for reputation. Shortly, in order to provide a peaceful society there should be an authority. If there is no absolute power at the top, there is always fight in society. Hob bes underlines this issue as state of nature is a state of war of all against all. (Hobbes, p.185) In this situation, that is to say, if there is no common authority, there is no justice because we cannot talk about true or false or anything contrary to law. Moreover, in such conditions, as Hobbes argues, there is no place for industrial development or art or anything making people to be civilized. Thus, life of men is solitary poor, nasty, brutish and short. (Hobbes, p.186) This situation can be a block to live in a good society because people need an absolute power who can keep down them. Also this can shows us the necessity of commonwealth. Right of nature has an important role for necessity of absolute power in terms of rights, rules and prohibitions. Right of nature gives the right man to do anything what he want and at any time to protect himself from the others who may damage him. That is to say, right of nature is a kind of freedom to what is wanted to do. Because of the state of nature, every men have right to do anything, even he can kill somebody else to protect himself.(Hobbes, p.189) Actually, in state of nature, there is always risk of injury and death so people are ready to preserve themselves from possible attacks. For example, if a man, who is threatened by someone, can intimidates and can kill that men. If he could not, he could be killed. This creates chaos in society. The law of nature can be thought the opposite of right of nature. Thanks to law of nature, people give up their some rights and think about the others right in order to protect both themselves and peace in society. (Hobbes, p.190) It is im portant that, thanks to the law of nature, people cannot harm themselves and others. It is a stage of providing peace among people. The only way to attain this peaceful environment is transferring of rights by covenant. At this point, the importance of rules which are made by absolute power can be understood. As Hobbes suggests, human nature needs an absolute power in nature because the ultimate purpose of mankind is to protect them from others possible attack, to be happy and to live in comfort. (Hobbes, p.223)Therefore, the only way is to accept to be put under restraint by a sovereign. The necessity of a sovereign is also about how to establish a commonwealth system. According to Hobbes, the only way to establish a commonwealth system is based on transferring their rights to one person, one assembly or one committee. Hobbes suggests the way of establishing a commonwealth is making a covenant with every man. By making covenant, every man gives their right of governing themselves to a sovereign. Although some people in society vote negatively, they also authorized the sovereign to govern them. (Hobbes, p.227)Therefore, by transferring rights and will, the commonwealth system occurs. The sovereign who has unlimited power has to make rules and execute them. These rules should be in accorda nce with the necessity of common wills. There should also be fear of absolute power because if people in society do not afraid of absolute power they can break rules. Obeying rules is important for society in terms of order and peace. The covenant can be thought as the constitution of parties because parties make an agreement and they make rules for themselves and for the security of society. Thus, if there is an injustice or injury, the person in charge is not to be the sovereign. The injustice or injury reasoned by sovereign is not the outcome of sovereigns own decisions or actions because of covenant. According to Thomas Hobbes, if a person complaining about injustice, this means that person is complaining about his/her sovereign and this person cannot accuse someone else even he cannot accuse himself because of the covenant. That is to say the person who make a covenant and who make rules cannot injure himself/herself. (Hobbes, p.232) Again Hobbes says that since the people in society are the governor of the actions and decisions, the actions and decisions which are made by sovereign cannot be named as injustice because people in society authorized the sovereign to govern themselves. (Hobbes, p.232) The sovere ign should implement the rules and punishment. To give an example, think about a rule which is related to protect society order, for example burglary, murdering etc. and think about the punishments of these abuses. If a person kill a man or steal someones property there will be a violation of the order. The reason why to implement these rules, prohibitions and the punishments by the sovereign is to be rescued from state of nature and to reach peace in society. Thus, the sovereign must implement the rules, prohibitions and punishments. Although people in society can be punished because of their actions, the sovereign cannot be punished because of his decisions or actions because the sovereign authorized to do anything to preserve the society and maintain the commonwealth system. Thomas Hobbes underlines that sovereign shouldnt be punished if he breaks the agreement because he is tasked with to govern and execute the state. The sovereign has unlimited power and he has decisions and actions according to covenant which is made by people. As Hobbes underlines, the liberty of the subject consists with the unlimited power of the sovereign. The liberty of subjects doesnt mean that the power of sovereign for life and death abolished or limited because whatsoever he does can be called as injustice or injury. (Hobbes, p.264) For example, if a subject who attempts to depose his sovereign can be punished or killed because he is the author of his punishment. (Hobbes, p.229) Moreover, a subject can be killed so neither sovereign nor subject can be called as injustice. (Hobbes, p.265) Additionally, the actions of the sovereign cannot be criticized by subjects because anything what he does cannot called as injustice and subjects cannot charge sovereign with being injustice. As Hobbes states sovereign can be cruel but they cannot be unjust. (Hobbes, p.232) Moreover, the sovereign cannot be judged with his decisions and actions thanks to the covenant. In conclusion, Thomas Hobbes starts with analyzing human nature and comes to this conclusion by reasoning necessity of commonwealth system. As he argues in the state of nature men are always in danger and there is no security. People in society are always fighting with each other, they are always competing with each other because of their desires and this makes their life full of horror. Therefore, Thomas Hobbes suggests that there must be a sovereign to control and to provide security in society in order to live in comfort. By transferring the rights to the sovereign they make covenant and at the end the commonwealth system establishes. The sovereign who is authorized by the subjects makes decisions and governs the society and so according to Hobbes the sovereigns decisions and actions cannot be called as unjust. Although, Thomas Hobbes asserts that his decisions and actions are not unjust, the sovereign who has unlimited power should be restricted. If his decisions and actions cann ot be restricted there will always be injustice because there is only one person who decides in the name of subjects. Additionally, the subjects who didnt vote for that sovereign should be thought because they are also under the decisions and actions of that sovereign even if they did vote negatively. Although, the commonwealth system has benefits such as unity, safety and comfortable lives in society, after transferring rights to the sovereign the only decision maker become sovereign and this makes conflicts in society. Subjects give their will to sovereign however, in some points subjects should have the right to analyze and criticize acts and rules of sovereign. Society may hand over its will but it should not be in all areas. Society could be interfere what is done by sovereign. Sovereign cannot be true in all areas and acts.

Monks Mystic Coffee Essay

1. Has Father Daniel Mary established a future direction for the Carmelite Monks of Wyoming? What is his vision for the monastery? What is his vision for Mystic Monk Coffee? What is the mission of the Carmelite Monks of Wyoming? Yes, Father Daniel Mary has established a future direction for the Carmelite Monks of Wyoming since he had a concrete and detailed vision and mission for the Mystic Monk Coffee and the Carmelite Monks of Wyoming. His vision for the monastery is to create a new Mount Carmel in the Rocky Mountains. He would also want to transform the small brotherhood of 13 monks living in a small house made as makeshift rectory into a 500-acre monastery that would include accommodations for 30 monks, a Gothic church, convent for Carmelite nuns, a retreat center for lay visitors, and a hermitage presented a formidable challenge. His vision for Mystic Monk Coffee is to be able to overcome his financial obstacle in buying the nearby ranch. The mission of the Carmelite Monks of Wyoming is to dedicate a life of prayer and worship, to live out their lives in the monastery, to vow on obedience, chastity and poverty and to sacrifice by living a cloistered religious life. 2. Does it appear that Father Daniel Mary has set definite objectives and performance targets for achieving his vision? Father Daniel Mary did not have a complete definite objectives and performance targets for achieving his vision, but then he had some like in wanting to obtain the ranch. He sold Mystic Monk coffees online (www.mysticmonkcoffee.com) in 12 ounces of bags for a price of $2.99. Their target was appealing to the Catholics, and about more than 69 million Americans were members of the Catholic Church. By producing high quality Arabica and organic Arabica beans, the monks were able to produce ground caffeinated and decaffeinated varieties in dark, medium, and light roasts and in different flavors as well making them to make great coffee. 3. What is Father Prior’s strategy for achieving his vision? What competitive advantage might Mystic Monk Coffee’s strategy produce? Father Prior’s strategy for achieving his vision is to use the $250,000 donation and the $75,000 they have earned during the first year of Mystic Monk Coffee-roasting operations then the remaining money, they would be getting from the Mystic Monk Coffee profit to buy the ranch for monastery. Strategies to promote Mystic Monk Coffee would be word of mouth, website (internet), calls/telephone, it offered a secular website. The competitive advantage would be the market niche that is focusing on the Catholics worldwide and the convenience of delivering the coffee into your home. 4. Is Mystic Monk Coffee’s strategy a money-maker? What is MMC’s business model? What is your assessment of Mystic Monk Coffee’s customer value proposition? Its profit formula? Its resources that enable it to create and deliver value to customers? Yes, Mystic Monk Coffee’s strategy is a money-maker. Its business model tends to maximize all the resources that they have so that they could buy a larger coffee roaster to produce larger amount of coffee. Resulting to an increase in coffee sales and bigger market. The sales will be then use to buy the Irma Lake Ranch. This plan, as like what is stated in the study, will minimize the effect of the monk’s monastic constraints and maximize the potential of monastic opportunities. 5. Does the strategy qualify as a winning strategy? Why or why not? For this particular question, there is actually a three tests for this. All three questions must be first answered to know if MMC’s strategy qualify as a winning strategy. a. How well does the strategy fit the company’s situation? It perfectly fit the company’s situation. They need funds for them to be able to buy the ranch. So what they are planning to do is to expand the coffee business by buying a larger roaster, targeting more people, and including wholesales to churches and local coffee shops. This strategy is suitable to the internal and external situation of MMC. b. Is the strategy helping the company achieve a sustainable competitive advantage? Yes, it is. By targeting people from the Catholic community, they already have acquired loyal customers who keeps on purchasing their high quality and organic coffee. It also helped in advertising MMC products through word-of-mouth. And these makes MMC more appealing to consumers rather than any other brands of coffee. c. Is the strategy producing good company performance? I believe it is. The company’s financial performance did well in its first year of operation by having an average of $56,500 sales of coffee and coffee accessories. 6. What recommendations would you make to Father Daniel Mary in terms of crafting and executing strategy for the monastery’s coffee operations? Are changed needed in its long-term direction? its objectives? its strategy? its approach to strategy execution? Explain. I would recommend Father Daniel that in the next period of MMC, he should broaden his target market. Still, the Catholic community will be its major market. But, it might create some â€Å"discrimination† factor to other religious groups in years after. They might think that just because they are not Catholic, they cannot buy MCC’s products. On the other hand, the strategy must be changed if the goal is different because it might not worked if it is already not fitted to MCC’s goal/s.

Writing to inform – Poverty

Poverty is the greatest problem facing the world today and through the annals of history. The fact that wealth is distributed so unevenly, many would say unfairly is a problem that has occurred for millennia. Whether it be the social stratification of ancient Egypt or that of today's world, poverty has always existed and some say, always will. Ever since there has been poverty, there have been those that have tried to help the poor. There may have been money given, or food offered, there has always been a struggle to combat poverty. However this has always seemed futile, the black hole of poverty in our world has never been closed, and it has never ended. Though, in these modern times, due to our social structure and awareness, there are fewer people suffering from absolute poverty than any other time in history. Every time we enter the town centre, we are surrounded by hordes of collectors, every penny we give leads to the reduction of poverty. Every time we flick on the TV, there are countless adverts telling us to donate. Every time we look in a magazine or newspaper, there are articles telling us of the world's ills. Never has there been such a mass awareness, leading to donations, from people all around the world, to people all around the world. You still may be wondering why I have chosen poverty as the world's greatest problem. It is because it is the Russian doll of the world's problems. The fact that poverty leads to crime, disease, famine, lack of education and pollution truly makes it the roots of the world's problems. Everything stems from poverty. The distillation of water is also a major problem. The fact that distillation is an expensive process, requiring many resources to use, leads to a poor quality of water in those countries that can't simply afford it. The water may carry diseases such as cholera and diarrhea, which leads to the death of many people. This will most likely be infants and the elderly, as they are more susceptible to illnesses. There may also be a lack of food due to the poor quality of the soil as fertilisers may be too expensive. This in turn leads to crime; mothers and fathers may steal to feed their children. People will do anything to survive, even if it is against their basic morals. The fact that this leads to crime truly proves the â€Å"Russian doll† theory. Poverty has lead to a lack of food, which in turn has led to crime. The fact that poverty is an endless spiral leads it to its longevity in our world. A lack of education leads to poorly paid jobs. As prices rise due to a population increase, the poor are made even poorer. The fact that the human population increases due to the poor having many children to sustain their agricultural work, leads only to an increase in prices. Corporations know of supply and demand. There is always a greater demand if the population increases, and all they must do is increase their prices. Poverty has led to all these things, and these things lead to poverty. It is as if it is a bacterium. Constantly splitting, growing in number. However the modern era of donation maybe the virus that purges poverty from our world. Maybe one day, we will live in a world where wealth is distributed evenly. Where the larger corporations play â€Å"fair,† and the word â€Å"poor† never has to be used ever apart from in a history lesson. Maybe we can lead to that sort of world; maybe we can be the virus that destroys poverty. We maybe the generation which made poverty history.

Personality Trait Tests - 2134 Words

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